Installing Packages / Applications / Software in Linux
The dnf in fedora (apt-get or apt in Ubuntu/Debian based distributions) command is used to install new packages and to update/upgrade the operating system, it requires administrative access, so it must be used with sudo.
dnf [OPTIONS] [COMMAND]
apt-get [OPTIONS] [COMMAND] (Ubuntu)
apt [OPTIONS] [COMMAND] (Ubuntu)
The operating system must be updated on a regular basis, this way you will keep your data and integrity of the system safe. In order to update your system, run one of the following commands:
dnf update
apt-get update
dnf upgrade (updates the obsolete packages too)
apt-get upgrade
After the system is updated you can run dnf clean, to erase the files that were left after the packages installed.
apt-get autoremove (Ubuntu)
apt-get autoclean (Ubuntu)
apt-get clean (Ubuntu)
To search for a specific package/application/software in the repository (we will search for Gimp – a graphic software) use:
dnf search gimp (apt-get search gimp in Ubuntu)
and to install it run:
dnf install gimp (apt-get install gimp in Ubuntu).
And if you no longer need it:
dnf erase gimp (apt-get remove gimp in Ubuntu).
(use: dnf reinstall gimp in case you deleted it by mistake)
By default the Linux repository contains only packages that are considered stable, but we will see later in this tutorial, how to modify the repository and add more packages.
Shutdown command in Linux
The shutdown command is used to prepare the system to turn off in a safe way, all logged in users will be announced that the system will be turned off and in the last 5 minutes new logins are blocked.
shutdown [OPTIONS] [TIME] [MESSAGE]
Please note that the shutdown command requires administrative access, so you must login with the root user: su root
The argument [TIME] can accept the following options: now, hh:mm, +minutes
To see the current date/time and date/time format of your system run this command in the console: date
Do a few exercises
shudown 08:32
shutdown +3 “Bye Bye!”
To stop a shutdown command you must use: shutdown -c
Su users can also use this command in order to issue a restart:
reboot shutdown -r now halt
Make sure you save your work before you run commands like restart or shutdown.
